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</a>
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<div class="md-content" data-md-component="content">
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<article class="md-content__inner md-typeset">
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<h1 id="docker">Docker 安装和基础用法<a class="headerlink" href="#docker" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h1>
|
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|
<h2 id="docker_1">Docker 的基本操作<a class="headerlink" href="#docker_1" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h2>
|
|
|
<h3 id="docker_2">Docker 容器的状态机<a class="headerlink" href="#docker_2" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h3>
|
|
|
<p><a class="glightbox" href="https://static.cyub.vip/images/202107/docker-status.jpeg" data-type="image" data-width="auto" data-height="auto" data-desc-position="bottom"><img alt="" src="https://static.cyub.vip/images/202107/docker-status.jpeg" /></a></p>
|
|
|
<p>一个容器在某个时刻可能处于以下几种状态之一：</p>
|
|
|
<ul>
|
|
|
<li>created：已经被创建 （使用 docker ps -a 命令可以列出）但是还没有被启动 （使用 docker ps 命令还无法列出）</li>
|
|
|
<li>running：运行中</li>
|
|
|
<li>paused：容器的进程被暂停了</li>
|
|
|
<li>restarting：容器的进程正在重启过程中</li>
|
|
|
<li>exited：上图中的 stopped 状态，表示容器之前运行过但是现在处于停止状态（要区别于 created 状态，它是指一个新创出的尚未运行过的容器）。可以通过 start 命令使其重新进入 running 状态</li>
|
|
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<li>destroyed：容器被删除了，再也不存在了</li>
|
|
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</ul>
|
|
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<p>你可以在 docker inspect 命令的输出中查看其详细状态:</p>
|
|
|
<div class="language-text highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span id="__span-0-1"><a id="__codelineno-0-1" name="__codelineno-0-1" href="#__codelineno-0-1"></a>"State": {
|
|
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</span><span id="__span-0-2"><a id="__codelineno-0-2" name="__codelineno-0-2" href="#__codelineno-0-2"></a> "Status": "running",
|
|
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</span><span id="__span-0-3"><a id="__codelineno-0-3" name="__codelineno-0-3" href="#__codelineno-0-3"></a> "Running": true,
|
|
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</span><span id="__span-0-4"><a id="__codelineno-0-4" name="__codelineno-0-4" href="#__codelineno-0-4"></a> "Paused": false,
|
|
|
</span><span id="__span-0-5"><a id="__codelineno-0-5" name="__codelineno-0-5" href="#__codelineno-0-5"></a> "Restarting": false,
|
|
|
</span><span id="__span-0-6"><a id="__codelineno-0-6" name="__codelineno-0-6" href="#__codelineno-0-6"></a> "OOMKilled": false,
|
|
|
</span><span id="__span-0-7"><a id="__codelineno-0-7" name="__codelineno-0-7" href="#__codelineno-0-7"></a> "Dead": false,
|
|
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</span><span id="__span-0-8"><a id="__codelineno-0-8" name="__codelineno-0-8" href="#__codelineno-0-8"></a> "Pid": 4597,
|
|
|
</span><span id="__span-0-9"><a id="__codelineno-0-9" name="__codelineno-0-9" href="#__codelineno-0-9"></a> "ExitCode": 0,
|
|
|
</span><span id="__span-0-10"><a id="__codelineno-0-10" name="__codelineno-0-10" href="#__codelineno-0-10"></a> "Error": "",
|
|
|
</span><span id="__span-0-11"><a id="__codelineno-0-11" name="__codelineno-0-11" href="#__codelineno-0-11"></a> "StartedAt": "2016-09-16T08:09:34.53403504Z",
|
|
|
</span><span id="__span-0-12"><a id="__codelineno-0-12" name="__codelineno-0-12" href="#__codelineno-0-12"></a> "FinishedAt": "2016-09-16T08:06:44.365106765Z"
|
|
|
</span><span id="__span-0-13"><a id="__codelineno-0-13" name="__codelineno-0-13" href="#__codelineno-0-13"></a> }
|
|
|
</span></code></pre></div>
|
|
|
<h3 id="docker_3">Docker 命令概述<a class="headerlink" href="#docker_3" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h3>
|
|
|
<ol>
|
|
|
<li>容器从生到死整个生命周期</li>
|
|
|
</ol>
|
|
|
<div class="language-text highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span id="__span-1-1"><a id="__codelineno-1-1" name="__codelineno-1-1" href="#__codelineno-1-1"></a>root@devstack:/home/sammy# docker create --name web31 training/webapp python app.py #创建名字为 web31 的容器
|
|
|
</span><span id="__span-1-2"><a id="__codelineno-1-2" name="__codelineno-1-2" href="#__codelineno-1-2"></a>7465f4cb7c49555af32929bd1bc4213f5e72643c0116450e495b71c7ec128502
|
|
|
</span><span id="__span-1-3"><a id="__codelineno-1-3" name="__codelineno-1-3" href="#__codelineno-1-3"></a>root@devstack:/home/sammy# docker inspect --format='{{.State.Status}}' web31 #其状态为 created
|
|
|
</span><span id="__span-1-4"><a id="__codelineno-1-4" name="__codelineno-1-4" href="#__codelineno-1-4"></a>created
|
|
|
</span><span id="__span-1-5"><a id="__codelineno-1-5" name="__codelineno-1-5" href="#__codelineno-1-5"></a>root@devstack:/home/sammy# docker start web31 #启动容器
|
|
|
</span><span id="__span-1-6"><a id="__codelineno-1-6" name="__codelineno-1-6" href="#__codelineno-1-6"></a>web31root@devstack:/home/sammy# docker exec -it web31 /bin/bash #在容器中运行 bash 命令
|
|
|
</span><span id="__span-1-7"><a id="__codelineno-1-7" name="__codelineno-1-7" href="#__codelineno-1-7"></a>root@devstack:/home/sammy# docker inspect --format='{{.State.Status}}' web31 #其状态为 running
|
|
|
</span><span id="__span-1-8"><a id="__codelineno-1-8" name="__codelineno-1-8" href="#__codelineno-1-8"></a>running
|
|
|
</span><span id="__span-1-9"><a id="__codelineno-1-9" name="__codelineno-1-9" href="#__codelineno-1-9"></a>root@devstack:/home/sammy# docker pause web31 #暂停容器
|
|
|
</span><span id="__span-1-10"><a id="__codelineno-1-10" name="__codelineno-1-10" href="#__codelineno-1-10"></a>web31
|
|
|
</span><span id="__span-1-11"><a id="__codelineno-1-11" name="__codelineno-1-11" href="#__codelineno-1-11"></a>root@devstack:/home/sammy# docker inspect --format='{{.State.Status}}' web31
|
|
|
</span><span id="__span-1-12"><a id="__codelineno-1-12" name="__codelineno-1-12" href="#__codelineno-1-12"></a>paused
|
|
|
</span><span id="__span-1-13"><a id="__codelineno-1-13" name="__codelineno-1-13" href="#__codelineno-1-13"></a>root@devstack:/home/sammy# docker unpause web31 #继续容器
|
|
|
</span><span id="__span-1-14"><a id="__codelineno-1-14" name="__codelineno-1-14" href="#__codelineno-1-14"></a>web31
|
|
|
</span><span id="__span-1-15"><a id="__codelineno-1-15" name="__codelineno-1-15" href="#__codelineno-1-15"></a>root@devstack:/home/sammy# docker inspect --format='{{.State.Status}}' web31
|
|
|
</span><span id="__span-1-16"><a id="__codelineno-1-16" name="__codelineno-1-16" href="#__codelineno-1-16"></a>running
|
|
|
</span><span id="__span-1-17"><a id="__codelineno-1-17" name="__codelineno-1-17" href="#__codelineno-1-17"></a>root@devstack:/home/sammy# docker rename web31 newweb31 #重命名
|
|
|
</span><span id="__span-1-18"><a id="__codelineno-1-18" name="__codelineno-1-18" href="#__codelineno-1-18"></a>root@devstack:/home/sammy# docker inspect --format='{{.State.Status}}' newweb31
|
|
|
</span><span id="__span-1-19"><a id="__codelineno-1-19" name="__codelineno-1-19" href="#__codelineno-1-19"></a>running
|
|
|
</span><span id="__span-1-20"><a id="__codelineno-1-20" name="__codelineno-1-20" href="#__codelineno-1-20"></a>root@devstack:/home/sammy# docker top newweb31 #在容器中运行 top 命令
|
|
|
</span><span id="__span-1-21"><a id="__codelineno-1-21" name="__codelineno-1-21" href="#__codelineno-1-21"></a>UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD
|
|
|
</span><span id="__span-1-22"><a id="__codelineno-1-22" name="__codelineno-1-22" href="#__codelineno-1-22"></a>root 5009 4979 0 16:28 ? 00:00:00 python app.py
|
|
|
</span><span id="__span-1-23"><a id="__codelineno-1-23" name="__codelineno-1-23" href="#__codelineno-1-23"></a>root@devstack:/home/sammy# docker logs newweb31 #获取容器的日志
|
|
|
</span><span id="__span-1-24"><a id="__codelineno-1-24" name="__codelineno-1-24" href="#__codelineno-1-24"></a> * Running on http://0.0.0.0:5000/ (Press CTRL+C to quit)
|
|
|
</span><span id="__span-1-25"><a id="__codelineno-1-25" name="__codelineno-1-25" href="#__codelineno-1-25"></a>root@devstack:/home/sammy# docker stop newweb31 #停止容器
|
|
|
</span><span id="__span-1-26"><a id="__codelineno-1-26" name="__codelineno-1-26" href="#__codelineno-1-26"></a>newweb31
|
|
|
</span><span id="__span-1-27"><a id="__codelineno-1-27" name="__codelineno-1-27" href="#__codelineno-1-27"></a>root@devstack:/home/sammy# docker inspect --format='{{.State.Status}}' newweb31
|
|
|
</span><span id="__span-1-28"><a id="__codelineno-1-28" name="__codelineno-1-28" href="#__codelineno-1-28"></a>exited
|
|
|
</span><span id="__span-1-29"><a id="__codelineno-1-29" name="__codelineno-1-29" href="#__codelineno-1-29"></a>root@devstack:/home/sammy# docker rm newweb31 #删除容器
|
|
|
</span><span id="__span-1-30"><a id="__codelineno-1-30" name="__codelineno-1-30" href="#__codelineno-1-30"></a>newweb31
|
|
|
</span><span id="__span-1-31"><a id="__codelineno-1-31" name="__codelineno-1-31" href="#__codelineno-1-31"></a>root@devstack:/home/sammy# docker inspect --format='{{.State.Status}}' newweb31
|
|
|
</span><span id="__span-1-32"><a id="__codelineno-1-32" name="__codelineno-1-32" href="#__codelineno-1-32"></a>Error: No such image, container or task: newweb31
|
|
|
</span></code></pre></div>
|
|
|
<ol>
|
|
|
<li>docker stop 和 docker kill</li>
|
|
|
</ol>
|
|
|
<p>在docker stop 命令执行的时候，会先向容器中PID为1的进程发送系统信号 SIGTERM，然后等待容器中的应用程序终止执行，如果等待时间达到设定的超时时间（默认为 10秒，用户可以指定特定超时时长），会继续发送SIGKILL的系统信号强行kill掉进程。在容器中的应用程序，可以选择忽略和不处理SIGTERM信号，不过一旦达到超时时间，程序就会被系统强行kill掉，因为SIGKILL信号是直接发往系统内核的，应用程序没有机会去处理它。</p>
|
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<p>比如运行 docker stop web5 -t 20 命令。</p>
|
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<ol>
|
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<li>
|
|
|
<p>使用 docker cp 在 host 和 container 之间拷贝文件或者目录</p>
|
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</li>
|
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<li>
|
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<p>docker export 和 import</p>
|
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</li>
|
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</ol>
|
|
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<p>docker export：将一个容器的文件系统打包为一个压缩文件</p>
|
|
|
<div class="language-text highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span id="__span-2-1"><a id="__codelineno-2-1" name="__codelineno-2-1" href="#__codelineno-2-1"></a>root@devstack:/home/sammy# docker export web5 -o ./web5
|
|
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</span><span id="__span-2-2"><a id="__codelineno-2-2" name="__codelineno-2-2" href="#__codelineno-2-2"></a>root@devstack:/home/sammy# ls
|
|
|
</span><span id="__span-2-3"><a id="__codelineno-2-3" name="__codelineno-2-3" href="#__codelineno-2-3"></a>chroot devstack Dockerfile mongodbdocker mydockerbuild web5 webapp
|
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</span></code></pre></div>
|
|
|
<p>docker import：从一个压缩文件创建一个镜像</p>
|
|
|
<div class="language-text highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span id="__span-3-1"><a id="__codelineno-3-1" name="__codelineno-3-1" href="#__codelineno-3-1"></a>root@devstack:/home/sammy# docker import web5 web5img -m "imported on 0916"
|
|
|
</span><span id="__span-3-2"><a id="__codelineno-3-2" name="__codelineno-3-2" href="#__codelineno-3-2"></a>sha256:745bb258be0a69a517367667646148bb2f662565bb3d222b50c0c22e5274a926
|
|
|
</span><span id="__span-3-3"><a id="__codelineno-3-3" name="__codelineno-3-3" href="#__codelineno-3-3"></a>root@devstack:/home/sammy# docker history web5img
|
|
|
</span><span id="__span-3-4"><a id="__codelineno-3-4" name="__codelineno-3-4" href="#__codelineno-3-4"></a>IMAGE CREATED CREATED BY SIZE COMMENT
|
|
|
</span><span id="__span-3-5"><a id="__codelineno-3-5" name="__codelineno-3-5" href="#__codelineno-3-5"></a>745bb258be0a 6 seconds ago
|
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</span></code></pre></div>
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<h2 id="_1">资料<a class="headerlink" href="#_1" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h2>
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<li><a href="https://www.cnblogs.com/sammyliu/p/5875470.html">Docker 安装和基础用法</a></li>
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