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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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redis
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</span>
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</a>
|
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|
<nav class="md-nav md-nav--secondary" aria-label="目录">
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<label class="md-nav__title" for="__toc">
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
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目录
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</label>
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<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-component="toc" data-md-scrollfix>
|
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|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
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|
<a href="#redis_1" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
redis为什么高效？
|
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="#redis_2" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
redis支持哪些数据结构？
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</a>
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|
|
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</li>
|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
|
<a href="#redis_3" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
redis典型使用场景有哪些？
|
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|
</a>
|
|
|
|
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|
</li>
|
|
|
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|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
|
<a href="#rediskey" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
redis中key有哪些过期策略？
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
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|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
|
<a href="#redis_4" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
redis中最大内存策略有哪些？
|
|
|
</a>
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|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
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|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
|
<a href="#redis_5" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
redis中持久化方式有哪些？
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<nav class="md-nav" aria-label="redis中持久化方式有哪些？">
|
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|
<ul class="md-nav__list">
|
|
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|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
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|
<a href="#rdb" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
RDB
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|
</a>
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|
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</li>
|
|
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|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
|
<a href="#aof" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
AOF
|
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|
</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</nav>
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</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
|
<a href="#redis_6" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
redis键的数据结构是什么样的？
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
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|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
|
<a href="#zset" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
zset底层数据结构是什么样的？
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
|
<a href="#set" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
set底层数据结构是什么样的？
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
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|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
|
<a href="#zrankologn" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
Zrank的复杂度是O(log(n))，为什么？
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
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|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
|
<a href="#zrange-olognm-n-m" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
zrange 的复杂度是 O(log(N)+M)， N 为有序集的基数，而 M 为结果集的基数。为什么是这个复杂度呢？
|
|
|
</a>
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|
</li>
|
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|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
|
<a href="#redison" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
redis中哪些操作时间复杂度O(n)?
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<nav class="md-nav" aria-label="redis中哪些操作时间复杂度O(n)?">
|
|
|
<ul class="md-nav__list">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
|
<a href="#key" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
Key
|
|
|
</a>
|
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|
</li>
|
|
|
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|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
|
<a href="#list" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
List
|
|
|
</a>
|
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|
</li>
|
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|
|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
|
<a href="#hash" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
Hash
|
|
|
</a>
|
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|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
|
<a href="#set_1" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
Set
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
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|
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</li>
|
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|
|
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</ul>
|
|
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</nav>
|
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</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
|
<a href="#redis_7" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
redis哨兵模式介绍？
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
|
<a href="#redis-cluster" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
redis cluster分片原理？
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
|
<a href="#redis-rehash" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
redis rehash过程？
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
|
<a href="#redis_8" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
redis底层数据结构？
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</ul>
|
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|
|
|
</nav>
|
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
|
<a href="../mysql/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
|
mysql
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
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|
|
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|
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</a>
|
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</li>
|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
|
<a href="../tcp/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
|
tcp
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
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|
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</a>
|
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
|
<a href="../http/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
|
http
|
|
|
</span>
|
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</a>
|
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</li>
|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
|
<a href="../cache/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
|
缓存
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
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|
|
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</a>
|
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
|
<a href="../nginx/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
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|
|
|
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
|
nginx
|
|
|
</span>
|
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</a>
|
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
|
<a href="../queue/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
|
消息队列
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
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|
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|
|
|
</a>
|
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
|
<a href="../io/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
|
IO
|
|
|
</span>
|
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|
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</a>
|
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
|
<a href="../protobuf/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
|
protobuf
|
|
|
</span>
|
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|
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</a>
|
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
|
<a href="../go/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
|
go
|
|
|
</span>
|
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</a>
|
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</li>
|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
|
<a href="../dist/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
|
分布式
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
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|
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</a>
|
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
|
<a href="../es/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
|
Elasticsearch
|
|
|
</span>
|
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</a>
|
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
|
<a href="../docker/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
|
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|
|
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
|
docker
|
|
|
</span>
|
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</a>
|
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
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<a href="../ref/" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
|
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|
|
|
|
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
|
|
参考资料
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
|
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|
|
|
</a>
|
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|
</li>
|
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</ul>
|
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|
</nav>
|
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</li>
|
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</ul>
|
|
|
</nav>
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<div class="md-sidebar md-sidebar--secondary" data-md-component="sidebar" data-md-type="toc" >
|
|
|
<div class="md-sidebar__scrollwrap">
|
|
|
<div class="md-sidebar__inner">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<nav class="md-nav md-nav--secondary" aria-label="目录">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__toc">
|
|
|
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
|
|
目录
|
|
|
</label>
|
|
|
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-component="toc" data-md-scrollfix>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
|
<a href="#redis_1" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
redis为什么高效？
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
|
<a href="#redis_2" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
redis支持哪些数据结构？
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
|
<a href="#redis_3" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
redis典型使用场景有哪些？
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
|
<a href="#rediskey" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
redis中key有哪些过期策略？
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
|
<a href="#redis_4" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
redis中最大内存策略有哪些？
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
|
<a href="#redis_5" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
redis中持久化方式有哪些？
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<nav class="md-nav" aria-label="redis中持久化方式有哪些？">
|
|
|
<ul class="md-nav__list">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
|
<a href="#rdb" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
RDB
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
|
<a href="#aof" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
AOF
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</ul>
|
|
|
</nav>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
|
<a href="#redis_6" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
redis键的数据结构是什么样的？
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
|
<a href="#zset" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
zset底层数据结构是什么样的？
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
|
|
<a href="#set" class="md-nav__link">
|
|
|
set底层数据结构是什么样的？
|
|
|
</a>
|
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<a href="#zrankologn" class="md-nav__link">
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Zrank的复杂度是O(log(n))，为什么？
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</a>
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<a href="#zrange-olognm-n-m" class="md-nav__link">
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zrange 的复杂度是 O(log(N)+M)， N 为有序集的基数，而 M 为结果集的基数。为什么是这个复杂度呢？
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</a>
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<a href="#redison" class="md-nav__link">
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redis中哪些操作时间复杂度O(n)?
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</a>
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<nav class="md-nav" aria-label="redis中哪些操作时间复杂度O(n)?">
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<ul class="md-nav__list">
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<a href="#key" class="md-nav__link">
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Key
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<a href="#list" class="md-nav__link">
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List
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</a>
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</li>
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<a href="#hash" class="md-nav__link">
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Hash
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<a href="#set_1" class="md-nav__link">
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Set
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</ul>
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</nav>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="#redis_7" class="md-nav__link">
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redis哨兵模式介绍？
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="#redis-cluster" class="md-nav__link">
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redis cluster分片原理？
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="#redis-rehash" class="md-nav__link">
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redis rehash过程？
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="#redis_8" class="md-nav__link">
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redis底层数据结构？
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</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</nav>
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</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div class="md-content" data-md-component="content">
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<article class="md-content__inner md-typeset">
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<h1 id="redis">redis<a class="headerlink" href="#redis" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h1>
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<h2 id="redis_1">redis为什么高效？<a class="headerlink" href="#redis_1" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h2>
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<ol>
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<li>纯内存缓存数据库</li>
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<li>使用单线程，避免了多线程带来的频繁的上下文切换</li>
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<li>使用了高效的数据结构体</li>
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<li>客户端和服务端使用了非阻塞的IO多路复用模型</li>
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</ol>
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<h2 id="redis_2">redis支持哪些数据结构？<a class="headerlink" href="#redis_2" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h2>
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<ol>
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<li>字符串 string</li>
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<li>列表 list</li>
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<li>哈希表 hash</li>
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<li>集合 set</li>
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<li>有序集合 Sorted Set</li>
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</ol>
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<p>高级数据结构有：HyperLogLog/BitMap/BloomFilter/GeoHash</p>
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<h2 id="redis_3">redis典型使用场景有哪些？<a class="headerlink" href="#redis_3" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h2>
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<ol>
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<li>
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<p>队列</p>
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<ol>
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<li>
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<p>使用lpush/brpop或者blpop/rpush</p>
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<p>优点：使用简单， 缺点：若消费过慢，容易出现热点数据，不支持消费确认，不支持重复消费和多次消费
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2. 使用SUBSCRIBE/PUBLISH 发布订阅模式</p>
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<p>优点：使用简单，支持多次消费。缺点：不支持持久化，容易丢数据。若消息者异常，则在异常这段时间，消息是无法被该消费者消费到的。</p>
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</li>
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<li>
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<p>使用有序集合（Sorted-Set）实现延迟队列</p>
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</li>
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<li>
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<p>使用Stream类型</p>
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<p>优点：redis5.0支持，近乎完美。1.支持阻塞或非阻塞式读取 2. 支持消费组模式，从而支持多次消费 2. 支持消息队列监控</p>
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</li>
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</ol>
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</li>
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<li>
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<p>排行榜</p>
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</li>
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<li>
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<p>自动补全</p>
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</li>
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<li>
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<p>分布式锁</p>
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<p>为了避免单点故障，可以使用redlock。</p>
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<p>redlock原理：不能只在一个redis实例上创建锁，应该是在多个redis实例上创建锁，n/2 + 1，必须在大多数redis节点上都成功创建锁，才能算这个整体的RedLock加锁成功，避免说仅仅在一个redis实例上加锁而带来的问题。</p>
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</li>
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<li>
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<p>UV统计</p>
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|
<p>使用HyperLogLog数据结构实现：</p>
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<div class="language-text highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span id="__span-0-1"><a id="__codelineno-0-1" name="__codelineno-0-1" href="#__codelineno-0-1"></a>redis 127.0.0.1:6379> PFADD runoobkey "redis"
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</span><span id="__span-0-2"><a id="__codelineno-0-2" name="__codelineno-0-2" href="#__codelineno-0-2"></a>
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</span><span id="__span-0-3"><a id="__codelineno-0-3" name="__codelineno-0-3" href="#__codelineno-0-3"></a>1) (integer) 1
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</span><span id="__span-0-4"><a id="__codelineno-0-4" name="__codelineno-0-4" href="#__codelineno-0-4"></a>
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</span><span id="__span-0-5"><a id="__codelineno-0-5" name="__codelineno-0-5" href="#__codelineno-0-5"></a>redis 127.0.0.1:6379> PFADD runoobkey "mongodb"
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</span><span id="__span-0-6"><a id="__codelineno-0-6" name="__codelineno-0-6" href="#__codelineno-0-6"></a>
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</span><span id="__span-0-7"><a id="__codelineno-0-7" name="__codelineno-0-7" href="#__codelineno-0-7"></a>1) (integer) 1
|
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</span><span id="__span-0-8"><a id="__codelineno-0-8" name="__codelineno-0-8" href="#__codelineno-0-8"></a>
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</span><span id="__span-0-9"><a id="__codelineno-0-9" name="__codelineno-0-9" href="#__codelineno-0-9"></a>redis 127.0.0.1:6379> PFADD runoobkey "mysql"
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</span><span id="__span-0-10"><a id="__codelineno-0-10" name="__codelineno-0-10" href="#__codelineno-0-10"></a>
|
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|
</span><span id="__span-0-11"><a id="__codelineno-0-11" name="__codelineno-0-11" href="#__codelineno-0-11"></a>1) (integer) 1
|
|
|
</span><span id="__span-0-12"><a id="__codelineno-0-12" name="__codelineno-0-12" href="#__codelineno-0-12"></a>
|
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</span><span id="__span-0-13"><a id="__codelineno-0-13" name="__codelineno-0-13" href="#__codelineno-0-13"></a>redis 127.0.0.1:6379> PFCOUNT runoobkey
|
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</span><span id="__span-0-14"><a id="__codelineno-0-14" name="__codelineno-0-14" href="#__codelineno-0-14"></a>
|
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|
</span><span id="__span-0-15"><a id="__codelineno-0-15" name="__codelineno-0-15" href="#__codelineno-0-15"></a>(integer) 3
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</span></code></pre></div>
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</li>
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|
<li>
|
|
|
<p>去重过滤</p>
|
|
|
<p>基于bitmap实现布隆过滤器或者直接使用Redis Module: BloomFilter</p>
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</li>
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<li>
|
|
|
<p>限流器</p>
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</li>
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<li>
|
|
|
<p>用户签到/用户在线状态/活跃用户统计等统计功能</p>
|
|
|
<p>基于位图bitmap实现</p>
|
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</li>
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|
</ol>
|
|
|
<h2 id="rediskey">redis中key有哪些过期策略？<a class="headerlink" href="#rediskey" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h2>
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<ol>
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<li>
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<p>惰性删除策略</p>
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<p>当访问key时候，再检查key是否过期</p>
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</li>
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<li>
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<p>定期删除策略</p>
|
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|
<p>Redis 会将每个设置了过期时间的 key 放入到一个独立的字典中，默认每 100ms 进行一次过期扫描：</p>
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|
<ol>
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<li>
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<p>从过期key字典中随机 20 个 key，删除这 20 个 key 中已经过期的 key</p>
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</li>
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<li>
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|
<p>如果过期的 key 比率超过 ¼，那就重复步骤 1</p>
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|
</li>
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<li>
|
|
|
<p>扫描处理时间默认不会超过 25ms</p>
|
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</li>
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</ol>
|
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</li>
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</ol>
|
|
|
<h2 id="redis_4">redis中最大内存策略有哪些？<a class="headerlink" href="#redis_4" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h2>
|
|
|
<p>redis中最大内存是由maxmemory参数配置的，当内存使用达到设置的最大内存上限时候，会执行最大内存策略：</p>
|
|
|
<ol>
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|
|
<li>
|
|
|
<p>noeviction 从不驱逐，一直写，直到可用内存使用完，写不进数据</p>
|
|
|
</li>
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|
|
<li>
|
|
|
<p>volatile</p>
|
|
|
<ul>
|
|
|
<li>
|
|
|
<p>volatile-ttl 设置了过期时间，ttl时间越短的key越优先被淘汰</p>
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
<li>
|
|
|
<p>volatile-lru 基于LRU规则(Least Recently Used)淘汰删除设置了过期时间的key</p>
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
<li>
|
|
|
<p>volatile-random 随机淘汰过期集合中的key</p>
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
</ul>
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
<li>
|
|
|
<p>allkeys</p>
|
|
|
<ul>
|
|
|
<li>
|
|
|
<p>allkeys-lru 基于LRU规则淘汰所有key</p>
|
|
|
</li>
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|
|
<li>
|
|
|
<p>allkeys-random 随机淘汰</p>
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
</ul>
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
</ol>
|
|
|
<h2 id="redis_5">redis中持久化方式有哪些？<a class="headerlink" href="#redis_5" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h2>
|
|
|
<h3 id="rdb">RDB<a class="headerlink" href="#rdb" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h3>
|
|
|
<p>RDB是Snapshot快照存储，是redis默认的持久化方式，即按照一定的策略周期性的将数据保存到磁盘上。配置文件中的save参数来定义快照的周期。</p>
|
|
|
<div class="language-text highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span id="__span-1-1"><a id="__codelineno-1-1" name="__codelineno-1-1" href="#__codelineno-1-1"></a># RDB持久化策略 默认三种方式，[900秒内有1次修改],[300秒内有10次修改],[60秒内有10000次修改]即触发RDB持久化，我们可以手动修改该参数或新增策略
|
|
|
</span><span id="__span-1-2"><a id="__codelineno-1-2" name="__codelineno-1-2" href="#__codelineno-1-2"></a>save 900 1
|
|
|
</span><span id="__span-1-3"><a id="__codelineno-1-3" name="__codelineno-1-3" href="#__codelineno-1-3"></a>save 300 10
|
|
|
</span><span id="__span-1-4"><a id="__codelineno-1-4" name="__codelineno-1-4" href="#__codelineno-1-4"></a>save 60 10000
|
|
|
</span></code></pre></div>
|
|
|
<p>优点：</p>
|
|
|
<ol>
|
|
|
<li>压缩的二进制文件，非常适合备份和灾难恢复</li>
|
|
|
</ol>
|
|
|
<p>缺点：</p>
|
|
|
<ol>
|
|
|
<li>备份操作需要fork一个进程（使用bgsave命令）属于重操作</li>
|
|
|
<li>不能最大限度避免丢失数据</li>
|
|
|
</ol>
|
|
|
<h3 id="aof">AOF<a class="headerlink" href="#aof" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h3>
|
|
|
<p>AOF(Append-Only File)，Redis会将每一个收到的写命令都通过Write函数追加到文件中（默认appendonly.aof）。</p>
|
|
|
<p>优点：</p>
|
|
|
<ol>
|
|
|
<li>以文本形式保存，易读</li>
|
|
|
<li>能最大限度避免丢失数据</li>
|
|
|
</ol>
|
|
|
<p>缺点：</p>
|
|
|
<ol>
|
|
|
<li>文件体积过大（可以使用bgrewriteaof重写aof)</li>
|
|
|
<li>相比rdb，aof恢复数据较慢</li>
|
|
|
</ol>
|
|
|
<p>AOF支持三种同步策略：</p>
|
|
|
<div class="language-text highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span id="__span-2-1"><a id="__codelineno-2-1" name="__codelineno-2-1" href="#__codelineno-2-1"></a>appendfsync always # 默认alawys
|
|
|
</span></code></pre></div>
|
|
|
<ol>
|
|
|
<li>
|
|
|
<p>always</p>
|
|
|
<p>每条Redis写命令都同步写入硬盘</p>
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
<li>
|
|
|
<p>everysec</p>
|
|
|
<p>每秒执行一次同步，将多个命令写入硬盘</p>
|
|
|
</li>
|
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|
<li>
|
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|
<p>no</p>
|
|
|
<p>由操作系统决定何时同步。</p>
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
</ol>
|
|
|
<p>Redis重启的时候优先加载AOF文件，如果AOF文件不存在再去加载RDB文件。 如果AOF文件和RDB文件都不存在，那么直接启动。 不论加载AOF文件还是RDB文件，只要发生错误都会打印错误信息，并且启动失败。</p>
|
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|
<h2 id="redis_6">redis键的数据结构是什么样的？<a class="headerlink" href="#redis_6" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h2>
|
|
|
<p>整个Redis 数据库的所有key 和value 也组成了一个全局字典，还有带过期时间的key 集合也是一个字典。</p>
|
|
|
<div class="language-c++ highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span id="__span-3-1"><a id="__codelineno-3-1" name="__codelineno-3-1" href="#__codelineno-3-1"></a><span class="k">struct</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">RedisDb</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
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|
</span><span id="__span-3-2"><a id="__codelineno-3-2" name="__codelineno-3-2" href="#__codelineno-3-2"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">dict</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">dict</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* all keys key=>value */</span>
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|
</span><span id="__span-3-3"><a id="__codelineno-3-3" name="__codelineno-3-3" href="#__codelineno-3-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">dict</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">expires</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="cm">/* all expired keys key=>long(timestamp) */</span>
|
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|
</span><span id="__span-3-4"><a id="__codelineno-3-4" name="__codelineno-3-4" href="#__codelineno-3-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...</span>
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</span><span id="__span-3-5"><a id="__codelineno-3-5" name="__codelineno-3-5" href="#__codelineno-3-5"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
|
|
</span></code></pre></div>
|
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<h2 id="zset">zset底层数据结构是什么样的？<a class="headerlink" href="#zset" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h2>
|
|
|
<p>Redis 的zset 是一个复合结构，一方面它需要一个hash结构（字典）来存储value（成员) 和score 的对应关系，
|
|
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另一方面需要提供按照score 来排序的功能，还需要能够指定score 的范围来获取value 列表的功能，这个时候通过跳跃列表实现。</p>
|
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<div class="language-c++ highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span id="__span-4-1"><a id="__codelineno-4-1" name="__codelineno-4-1" href="#__codelineno-4-1"></a><span class="k">typedef</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">struct</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">zset</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
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</span><span id="__span-4-2"><a id="__codelineno-4-2" name="__codelineno-4-2" href="#__codelineno-4-2"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">dict</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">dict</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 字典</span>
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</span><span id="__span-4-3"><a id="__codelineno-4-3" name="__codelineno-4-3" href="#__codelineno-4-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">zskiplist</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">zsl</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 跳表</span>
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</span><span id="__span-4-4"><a id="__codelineno-4-4" name="__codelineno-4-4" href="#__codelineno-4-4"></a><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">zset</span><span class="p">;</span>
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</span><span id="__span-4-5"><a id="__codelineno-4-5" name="__codelineno-4-5" href="#__codelineno-4-5"></a>
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</span><span id="__span-4-6"><a id="__codelineno-4-6" name="__codelineno-4-6" href="#__codelineno-4-6"></a><span class="k">typedef</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">struct</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">zskiplist</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
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</span><span id="__span-4-7"><a id="__codelineno-4-7" name="__codelineno-4-7" href="#__codelineno-4-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">struct</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">zskiplistNode</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">header</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">tail</span><span class="p">;</span>
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</span><span id="__span-4-8"><a id="__codelineno-4-8" name="__codelineno-4-8" href="#__codelineno-4-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">unsigned</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">long</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">length</span><span class="p">;</span>
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</span><span id="__span-4-9"><a id="__codelineno-4-9" name="__codelineno-4-9" href="#__codelineno-4-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">level</span><span class="p">;</span>
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</span><span id="__span-4-10"><a id="__codelineno-4-10" name="__codelineno-4-10" href="#__codelineno-4-10"></a><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">zskiplist</span><span class="p">;</span>
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</span><span id="__span-4-11"><a id="__codelineno-4-11" name="__codelineno-4-11" href="#__codelineno-4-11"></a>
|
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|
</span><span id="__span-4-12"><a id="__codelineno-4-12" name="__codelineno-4-12" href="#__codelineno-4-12"></a><span class="k">typedef</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">struct</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">zskiplistNode</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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</span><span id="__span-4-13"><a id="__codelineno-4-13" name="__codelineno-4-13" href="#__codelineno-4-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">sds</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ele</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 节点存储的具体值 </span>
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</span><span id="__span-4-14"><a id="__codelineno-4-14" name="__codelineno-4-14" href="#__codelineno-4-14"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">double</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">score</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 节点对应的分值</span>
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</span><span id="__span-4-15"><a id="__codelineno-4-15" name="__codelineno-4-15" href="#__codelineno-4-15"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">struct</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">zskiplistNode</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">backward</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 后退指针</span>
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</span><span id="__span-4-16"><a id="__codelineno-4-16" name="__codelineno-4-16" href="#__codelineno-4-16"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">struct</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">zskiplistLevel</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
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</span><span id="__span-4-17"><a id="__codelineno-4-17" name="__codelineno-4-17" href="#__codelineno-4-17"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">struct</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">zskiplistNode</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">forward</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// //前进指针</span>
|
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</span><span id="__span-4-18"><a id="__codelineno-4-18" name="__codelineno-4-18" href="#__codelineno-4-18"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">unsigned</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">long</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">span</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 到下一个节点的跨度 </span>
|
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</span><span id="__span-4-19"><a id="__codelineno-4-19" name="__codelineno-4-19" href="#__codelineno-4-19"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">level</span><span class="p">[];</span>
|
|
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</span><span id="__span-4-20"><a id="__codelineno-4-20" name="__codelineno-4-20" href="#__codelineno-4-20"></a><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">zskiplistNode</span><span class="p">;</span>
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</span></code></pre></div>
|
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<h2 id="set">set底层数据结构是什么样的？<a class="headerlink" href="#set" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h2>
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<p>set底层数据结构有两种，即intset和dict。当满足以下条件时候，使用intset，否则使用dict：</p>
|
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<ol>
|
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<li>结合对象保存的所有元素都是整数值</li>
|
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<li>集合对象保存的元素数量不超过512个</li>
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</ol>
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<p>当使用dict时候，即hashTable，哈希表的key值是set集合元素，value值是nil。</p>
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|
<p>资料：<a href="https://juejin.cn/post/6844904198019137550">https://juejin.cn/post/6844904198019137550</a></p>
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<h2 id="zrankologn">Zrank的复杂度是O(log(n))，为什么？<a class="headerlink" href="#zrankologn" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h2>
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<p>Redis 在skiplist 的forward 指针上进行了优化，给每一个forward 指针都增加了span 属性，span 是「跨度」的意思， 表示从前一个节点沿着当前层的forward 指针跳到当前这个节点中间会跳过多少个节点 这样计算一个元素的排名时，只需要将「搜索路径」上的经过的所有节点的跨度span 值进行叠加就可以算出元素的最终rank 值。</p>
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<h2 id="zrange-olognm-n-m">zrange 的复杂度是 O(log(N)+M)， N 为有序集的基数，而 M 为结果集的基数。为什么是这个复杂度呢？<a class="headerlink" href="#zrange-olognm-n-m" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h2>
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<p>ZRANGE key start stop [WITHSCORES]，zrange 就是返回有序集 key 中，指定区间内的成员，而跳表中的元素最下面的一层是有序的(上面的几层就是跳表的索引)，按照分数排序，我们只要找出 start 代表的元素，然后向前或者向后遍历 M 次拉出所有数据即可，而找出 start 代表的元素，其实就是在跳表中找一个元素的时间复杂度。<strong>跳表中每个节点每一层都会保存到下一个节点的跨度，在寻找过程中可以根据跨度和来求当前的排名</strong>，所以查找过程是 O(log(N) 过程，加上遍历 M 个元素，就是 O(log(N)+M)，所以 redis 的 zrange 不会像 mysql 的 offset 有比较严重的性能问题。</p>
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<h2 id="redison">redis中哪些操作时间复杂度O(n)?<a class="headerlink" href="#redison" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h2>
|
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<h3 id="key">Key<a class="headerlink" href="#key" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h3>
|
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|
<div class="language-text highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span id="__span-5-1"><a id="__codelineno-5-1" name="__codelineno-5-1" href="#__codelineno-5-1"></a>keys *
|
|
|
</span></code></pre></div>
|
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<h3 id="list">List<a class="headerlink" href="#list" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h3>
|
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<div class="language-text highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span id="__span-6-1"><a id="__codelineno-6-1" name="__codelineno-6-1" href="#__codelineno-6-1"></a>lindex // n为列表长度
|
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</span><span id="__span-6-2"><a id="__codelineno-6-2" name="__codelineno-6-2" href="#__codelineno-6-2"></a>lset
|
|
|
</span><span id="__span-6-3"><a id="__codelineno-6-3" name="__codelineno-6-3" href="#__codelineno-6-3"></a>linsert
|
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</span></code></pre></div>
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<h3 id="hash">Hash<a class="headerlink" href="#hash" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h3>
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<div class="language-text highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span id="__span-7-1"><a id="__codelineno-7-1" name="__codelineno-7-1" href="#__codelineno-7-1"></a>hgetall // n为哈希表大小
|
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</span><span id="__span-7-2"><a id="__codelineno-7-2" name="__codelineno-7-2" href="#__codelineno-7-2"></a>hkeys
|
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</span><span id="__span-7-3"><a id="__codelineno-7-3" name="__codelineno-7-3" href="#__codelineno-7-3"></a>hvals
|
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</span></code></pre></div>
|
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<h3 id="set_1">Set<a class="headerlink" href="#set_1" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h3>
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<div class="language-text highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span id="__span-8-1"><a id="__codelineno-8-1" name="__codelineno-8-1" href="#__codelineno-8-1"></a>smembers // 返回所有集合成员，n为集合成员元素
|
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</span><span id="__span-8-2"><a id="__codelineno-8-2" name="__codelineno-8-2" href="#__codelineno-8-2"></a>sunion/sunionstore // 并集， N 是所有给定集合的成员数量之和
|
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</span><span id="__span-8-3"><a id="__codelineno-8-3" name="__codelineno-8-3" href="#__codelineno-8-3"></a>sinter/sinterstore // 交集，O(N * M)， N 为给定集合当中基数最小的集合， M 为给定集合的个数
|
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</span><span id="__span-8-4"><a id="__codelineno-8-4" name="__codelineno-8-4" href="#__codelineno-8-4"></a>sdiff/sdiffstore // 差集， N 是所有给定集合的成员数量之和
|
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</span><span id="__span-8-5"><a id="__codelineno-8-5" name="__codelineno-8-5" href="#__codelineno-8-5"></a>Sorted Set：
|
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</span><span id="__span-8-6"><a id="__codelineno-8-6" name="__codelineno-8-6" href="#__codelineno-8-6"></a>
|
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</span><span id="__span-8-7"><a id="__codelineno-8-7" name="__codelineno-8-7" href="#__codelineno-8-7"></a>zrange/zrevrange/zrangebyscore/zrevrangebyscore/zremrangebyrank/zremrangebyscore // O(m) + O(log(n)) // N 为有序集的基数，而 M 为结果集的基数
|
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</span></code></pre></div>
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<h2 id="redis_7">redis哨兵模式介绍？<a class="headerlink" href="#redis_7" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h2>
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<p>redis的哨兵模式（sentinel）<strong>为了保证redis主从的高可用</strong>。主要功能：</p>
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<ol>
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<li>监控：它会监听主服务器和从服务器之间是否在正常工作。</li>
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<li>故障转移：它在主节点出了问题的情况下，会在所有的从节点中竞选出一个节点，并将其作为新的主节点。</li>
|
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</ol>
|
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<p>从从节点选出一个主节点流程是：
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1. 首先去掉所有断线或下线的节点，获取所有监控节点
|
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2. 然后选择**复制偏移量**最大的节点，复制偏移量代表其从主节点成功复制了多少数据，越大说明越与主节点最接近同步。
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3. 若步骤选出了多个节点，那比较每个节点的唯一标识uid，选择最小的那个。</p>
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<p>将从节点变成主节点操作时候，需要哨兵来操作，由于为了保证哨兵高可用性，哨兵存在多个，那就需要选主出来一个哨兵头领来处理这个操作，这个过程涉及到Raft算法。</p>
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<h2 id="redis-cluster">redis cluster分片原理？<a class="headerlink" href="#redis-cluster" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h2>
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<p>采用虚拟槽进行数据分片，总共2<sup>14个虚拟槽，有几个节点就把2</sup>14分成几个范围，按照crc16(key)%2^14确定key在哪个槽，每个节点保存了集群中的槽对应的节点信息，如果一个请求过来发现key不在这个节点上，这个节点会回复一个mov的消息指向新节点，彼此节点间定时通过ping来检测故障。</p>
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<h2 id="redis-rehash">redis rehash过程？<a class="headerlink" href="#redis-rehash" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h2>
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|
<p>redis采用渐进式hash方式。redis会同时维持两个hash表：ht[0] 和 ht[1] 两个哈希表。 要在字典里面查找一个键的话， 程序会先在 ht[0] 里面进行查找， 如果没找到的话， 就会继续到 ht[1] 里面进行查找， 诸如此类。在渐进式 rehash 执行期间， 新添加到字典的键值对一律会被保存到 ht[1] 里面， 而 ht[0] 则不再进行任何添加操作</p>
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<h2 id="redis_8">redis底层数据结构？<a class="headerlink" href="#redis_8" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h2>
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|
<p><a class="glightbox" href="https://static.cyub.vip/images/202107/redis-inner.png" data-type="image" data-width="auto" data-height="auto" data-desc-position="bottom"><img alt="" src="https://static.cyub.vip/images/202107/redis-inner.png" /></a></p>
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