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<meta name="description" content="Go 内置分析工具 # 这一章节将介绍Go 内置分析工具。通过这些工具我们可以分析、诊断、跟踪竞态，GMP调度，CPU耗用等问题。
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go build # go build命令用来编译Go 程序。go build重要的命令行选项有以下几个：
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go build -n # -n选项用来显示编译过程中所有执行的命令，不会真正执行。通过该选项我们可以查看编译器，连接器如何工作的：
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# # _/home/vagrant/dive-into-go # mkdir -p $WORK/b001/ cat >$WORK/b001/importcfg << 'EOF' # internal # import config packagefile fmt=/usr/lib/go/pkg/linux_amd64/fmt.a packagefile runtime=/usr/lib/go/pkg/linux_amd64/runtime.a EOF cd /home/vagrant/dive-into-go /usr/lib/go/pkg/tool/linux_amd64/compile -o $WORK/b001/_pkg_.a -trimpath "$WORK/b001=>" -p main -complete -buildid RcHLBQbXBa2gQVsMR6P0/RcHLBQbXBa2gQVsMR6P0 -goversion go1.14.13 -D _/home/vagrant/dive-into-go -importcfg $WORK/b001/importcfg -pack ./empty_string.go ./string.go /usr/lib/go/pkg/tool/linux_amd64/buildid -w $WORK/b001/_pkg_.a # internal cat >$WORK/b001/importcfg.link << 'EOF' # internal packagefile _/home/vagrant/dive-into-go=$WORK/b001/_pkg_.">
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<meta property="og:description" content="Go 内置分析工具 # 这一章节将介绍Go 内置分析工具。通过这些工具我们可以分析、诊断、跟踪竞态，GMP调度，CPU耗用等问题。
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go build # go build命令用来编译Go 程序。go build重要的命令行选项有以下几个：
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go build -n # -n选项用来显示编译过程中所有执行的命令，不会真正执行。通过该选项我们可以查看编译器，连接器如何工作的：
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# # _/home/vagrant/dive-into-go # mkdir -p $WORK/b001/ cat >$WORK/b001/importcfg << 'EOF' # internal # import config packagefile fmt=/usr/lib/go/pkg/linux_amd64/fmt.a packagefile runtime=/usr/lib/go/pkg/linux_amd64/runtime.a EOF cd /home/vagrant/dive-into-go /usr/lib/go/pkg/tool/linux_amd64/compile -o $WORK/b001/_pkg_.a -trimpath "$WORK/b001=>" -p main -complete -buildid RcHLBQbXBa2gQVsMR6P0/RcHLBQbXBa2gQVsMR6P0 -goversion go1.14.13 -D _/home/vagrant/dive-into-go -importcfg $WORK/b001/importcfg -pack ./empty_string.go ./string.go /usr/lib/go/pkg/tool/linux_amd64/buildid -w $WORK/b001/_pkg_.a # internal cat >$WORK/b001/importcfg.link << 'EOF' # internal packagefile _/home/vagrant/dive-into-go=$WORK/b001/_pkg_." />
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<a href="/concurrency/sync-waitgroup/">等待组 - sync.WaitGroup</a></li>
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<a href="/concurrency/sync-once/">一次性操作 - sync.Once</a></li>
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<a href="/concurrency/sync-pool/">缓冲池 - sync.Pool</a></li>
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<a href="/concurrency/sync-cond/">条件变量 - sync.Cond</a></li>
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<a href="/concurrency/sync-mutex/">互斥锁 - sync.Mutex</a></li>
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<a href="/concurrency/sync-rwmutex/">读写锁 - sync.RWMutex</a></li>
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<a href="/gmp/">G-M-P调度机制</a>
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<a href="/gmp/gmp-model/">调度机制概述</a></li>
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<a href="/gmp/scheduler/">调度器</a></li>
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<a href="/memory/">内存管理</a>
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<a href="/memory/allocator/">内存分配器</a></li>
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<strong>Go语言内置分析工具</strong>
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</header>
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<article class="markdown"><h1 id="go-内置分析工具">
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Go 内置分析工具
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<a class="anchor" href="#go-%e5%86%85%e7%bd%ae%e5%88%86%e6%9e%90%e5%b7%a5%e5%85%b7">#</a>
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</h1>
|
|
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<p>这一章节将介绍Go 内置分析工具。通过这些工具我们可以分析、诊断、跟踪竞态，GMP调度，CPU耗用等问题。</p>
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<h2 id="go-build">
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go build
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<a class="anchor" href="#go-build">#</a>
|
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|
</h2>
|
|
|
<p><code>go build</code>命令用来编译Go 程序。<code>go build</code>重要的命令行选项有以下几个：</p>
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<h3 id="go-build--n">
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go build -n
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<a class="anchor" href="#go-build--n">#</a>
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</h3>
|
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<p><code>-n</code>选项用来显示编译过程中所有执行的命令，不会真正执行。通过该选项我们可以查看编译器，连接器如何工作的：</p>
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<div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;"><code class="language-shell" data-lang="shell"><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#75715e">#</span>
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</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#75715e"># _/home/vagrant/dive-into-go</span>
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</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#75715e">#</span>
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</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>
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</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>mkdir -p $WORK/b001/
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</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>cat >$WORK/b001/importcfg <span style="color:#e6db74"><< 'EOF' # internal
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</span></span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#e6db74"># import config
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</span></span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#e6db74">packagefile fmt=/usr/lib/go/pkg/linux_amd64/fmt.a
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</span></span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#e6db74">packagefile runtime=/usr/lib/go/pkg/linux_amd64/runtime.a
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</span></span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#e6db74">EOF</span>
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</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>cd /home/vagrant/dive-into-go
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</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>/usr/lib/go/pkg/tool/linux_amd64/compile -o $WORK/b001/_pkg_.a -trimpath <span style="color:#e6db74">"</span>$WORK<span style="color:#e6db74">/b001=>"</span> -p main -complete -buildid RcHLBQbXBa2gQVsMR6P0/RcHLBQbXBa2gQVsMR6P0 -goversion go1.14.13 -D _/home/vagrant/dive-into-go -importcfg $WORK/b001/importcfg -pack ./empty_string.go ./string.go
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</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>/usr/lib/go/pkg/tool/linux_amd64/buildid -w $WORK/b001/_pkg_.a <span style="color:#75715e"># internal</span>
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</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>cat >$WORK/b001/importcfg.link <span style="color:#e6db74"><< 'EOF' # internal
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</span></span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#e6db74">packagefile _/home/vagrant/dive-into-go=$WORK/b001/_pkg_.a
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</span></span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#e6db74">packagefile fmt=/usr/lib/go/pkg/linux_amd64/fmt.a
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</span></span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#e6db74">packagefile runtime=/usr/lib/go/pkg/linux_amd64/runtime.a
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</span></span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#e6db74">packagefile errors=/usr/lib/go/pkg/linux_amd64/errors.a
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</span></span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#e6db74">packagefile internal/fmtsort=/usr/lib/go/pkg/linux_amd64/internal/fmtsort.a
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</span></span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#e6db74">packagefile io=/usr/lib/go/pkg/linux_amd64/io.a
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</span></span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#e6db74">packagefile math=/usr/lib/go/pkg/linux_amd64/math.a
|
|
|
</span></span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#e6db74">packagefile os=/usr/lib/go/pkg/linux_amd64/os.a
|
|
|
</span></span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#e6db74">packagefile reflect=/usr/lib/go/pkg/linux_amd64/reflect.a
|
|
|
</span></span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#e6db74">packagefile strconv=/usr/lib/go/pkg/linux_amd64/strconv.a
|
|
|
</span></span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#e6db74">packagefile sync=/usr/lib/go/pkg/linux_amd64/sync.a
|
|
|
</span></span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#e6db74">packagefile unicode/utf8=/usr/lib/go/pkg/linux_amd64/unicode/utf8.a
|
|
|
</span></span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#e6db74">packagefile internal/bytealg=/usr/lib/go/pkg/linux_amd64/internal/bytealg.a
|
|
|
</span></span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#e6db74">packagefile internal/cpu=/usr/lib/go/pkg/linux_amd64/internal/cpu.a
|
|
|
</span></span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#e6db74">packagefile runtime/internal/atomic=/usr/lib/go/pkg/linux_amd64/runtime/internal/atomic.a
|
|
|
</span></span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#e6db74">packagefile runtime/internal/math=/usr/lib/go/pkg/linux_amd64/runtime/internal/math.a
|
|
|
</span></span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#e6db74">packagefile runtime/internal/sys=/usr/lib/go/pkg/linux_amd64/runtime/internal/sys.a
|
|
|
</span></span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#e6db74">packagefile internal/reflectlite=/usr/lib/go/pkg/linux_amd64/internal/reflectlite.a
|
|
|
</span></span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#e6db74">packagefile sort=/usr/lib/go/pkg/linux_amd64/sort.a
|
|
|
</span></span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#e6db74">packagefile math/bits=/usr/lib/go/pkg/linux_amd64/math/bits.a
|
|
|
</span></span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#e6db74">packagefile internal/oserror=/usr/lib/go/pkg/linux_amd64/internal/oserror.a
|
|
|
</span></span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#e6db74">packagefile internal/poll=/usr/lib/go/pkg/linux_amd64/internal/poll.a
|
|
|
</span></span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#e6db74">packagefile internal/syscall/execenv=/usr/lib/go/pkg/linux_amd64/internal/syscall/execenv.a
|
|
|
</span></span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#e6db74">packagefile internal/syscall/unix=/usr/lib/go/pkg/linux_amd64/internal/syscall/unix.a
|
|
|
</span></span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#e6db74">packagefile internal/testlog=/usr/lib/go/pkg/linux_amd64/internal/testlog.a
|
|
|
</span></span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#e6db74">packagefile sync/atomic=/usr/lib/go/pkg/linux_amd64/sync/atomic.a
|
|
|
</span></span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#e6db74">packagefile syscall=/usr/lib/go/pkg/linux_amd64/syscall.a
|
|
|
</span></span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#e6db74">packagefile time=/usr/lib/go/pkg/linux_amd64/time.a
|
|
|
</span></span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#e6db74">packagefile unicode=/usr/lib/go/pkg/linux_amd64/unicode.a
|
|
|
</span></span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#e6db74">packagefile internal/race=/usr/lib/go/pkg/linux_amd64/internal/race.a
|
|
|
</span></span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#e6db74">EOF</span>
|
|
|
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>mkdir -p $WORK/b001/exe/
|
|
|
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>cd .
|
|
|
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>/usr/lib/go/pkg/tool/linux_amd64/link -o $WORK/b001/exe/a.out -importcfg $WORK/b001/importcfg.link -buildmode<span style="color:#f92672">=</span>exe -buildid<span style="color:#f92672">=</span>nR64Q3qx-0ZdNI4_-qJS/RcHLBQbXBa2gQVsMR6P0/RcHLBQbXBa2gQVsMR6P0/nR64Q3qx-0ZdNI4_-qJS -extld<span style="color:#f92672">=</span>gcc $WORK/b001/_pkg_.a
|
|
|
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>/usr/lib/go/pkg/tool/linux_amd64/buildid -w $WORK/b001/exe/a.out <span style="color:#75715e"># internal</span>
|
|
|
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>mv $WORK/b001/exe/a.out dive-into-go
|
|
|
</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="go-build--race">
|
|
|
go build -race
|
|
|
<a class="anchor" href="#go-build--race">#</a>
|
|
|
</h3>
|
|
|
<p><code>-race</code>选项用来检查代码中是否存在竞态问题。<code>-race</code>可以用在多个子命令中：</p>
|
|
|
<pre tabindex="0"><code>go test -race mypkg
|
|
|
go run -race mysrc.go
|
|
|
go build -race mycmd
|
|
|
go install -race mypkg
|
|
|
</code></pre><p>下面是来自Go语言官方博客的一个示例<sup id="fnref:1"><a href="#fn:1" class="footnote-ref" role="doc-noteref">1</a></sup>，在该示例中演示了使用<code>-race</code>选项检查代码中的竞态问题：</p>
|
|
|
<div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;"><code class="language-go" data-lang="go"><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#66d9ef">func</span> <span style="color:#a6e22e">main</span>() {
|
|
|
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span> <span style="color:#a6e22e">start</span> <span style="color:#f92672">:=</span> <span style="color:#a6e22e">time</span>.<span style="color:#a6e22e">Now</span>()
|
|
|
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span> <span style="color:#66d9ef">var</span> <span style="color:#a6e22e">t</span> <span style="color:#f92672">*</span><span style="color:#a6e22e">time</span>.<span style="color:#a6e22e">Timer</span>
|
|
|
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span> <span style="color:#a6e22e">t</span> = <span style="color:#a6e22e">time</span>.<span style="color:#a6e22e">AfterFunc</span>(<span style="color:#a6e22e">randomDuration</span>(), <span style="color:#66d9ef">func</span>() {
|
|
|
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span> <span style="color:#a6e22e">fmt</span>.<span style="color:#a6e22e">Println</span>(<span style="color:#a6e22e">time</span>.<span style="color:#a6e22e">Now</span>().<span style="color:#a6e22e">Sub</span>(<span style="color:#a6e22e">start</span>))
|
|
|
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span> <span style="color:#a6e22e">t</span>.<span style="color:#a6e22e">Reset</span>(<span style="color:#a6e22e">randomDuration</span>())
|
|
|
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span> })
|
|
|
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>
|
|
|
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span> <span style="color:#a6e22e">time</span>.<span style="color:#a6e22e">Sleep</span>(<span style="color:#ae81ff">5</span> <span style="color:#f92672">*</span> <span style="color:#a6e22e">time</span>.<span style="color:#a6e22e">Second</span>)
|
|
|
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>}
|
|
|
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>
|
|
|
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#66d9ef">func</span> <span style="color:#a6e22e">randomDuration</span>() <span style="color:#a6e22e">time</span>.<span style="color:#a6e22e">Duration</span> {
|
|
|
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span> <span style="color:#66d9ef">return</span> <span style="color:#a6e22e">time</span>.<span style="color:#a6e22e">Duration</span>(<span style="color:#a6e22e">rand</span>.<span style="color:#a6e22e">Int63n</span>(<span style="color:#ae81ff">1e9</span>))
|
|
|
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>}
|
|
|
</span></span></code></pre></div><p>上面代码完成的功能是通过<code>time.AfterFunc</code>创建定时器，该定时器会在<code>randomDuration()</code>时候打印消息，此外还会通过<code>Rest()</code>方法重置该定时器，以达到重复利用该定时器目的。</p>
|
|
|
<p>当我们使用<code>-race</code>选项执行检查时候，可以发现上面代码是存在竞态问题的：</p>
|
|
|
<div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;"><code class="language-shell" data-lang="shell"><span style="display:flex;"><span>$ go run -race main.go
|
|
|
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#f92672">==================</span>
|
|
|
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>WARNING: DATA RACE
|
|
|
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>Read by goroutine 5:
|
|
|
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span> main.func·001<span style="color:#f92672">()</span>
|
|
|
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span> race.go:14 +0x169
|
|
|
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>
|
|
|
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>Previous write by goroutine 1:
|
|
|
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span> main.main<span style="color:#f92672">()</span>
|
|
|
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span> race.go:15 +0x174
|
|
|
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>
|
|
|
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>Goroutine <span style="color:#ae81ff">5</span> <span style="color:#f92672">(</span>running<span style="color:#f92672">)</span> created at:
|
|
|
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span> time.goFunc<span style="color:#f92672">()</span>
|
|
|
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span> src/pkg/time/sleep.go:122 +0x56
|
|
|
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span> timerproc<span style="color:#f92672">()</span>
|
|
|
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span> src/pkg/runtime/ztime_linux_amd64.c:181 +0x189
|
|
|
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#f92672">==================</span>
|
|
|
</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="go-build--gcflags">
|
|
|
go build -gcflags
|
|
|
<a class="anchor" href="#go-build--gcflags">#</a>
|
|
|
</h3>
|
|
|
<p><code>-gcflags</code>选项用来设置编译器编译时参数，支持的参数有：</p>
|
|
|
<ul>
|
|
|
<li>-N选项指示禁止优化</li>
|
|
|
<li>-l选项指示禁止内联</li>
|
|
|
<li>-S选项指示打印出汇编代码</li>
|
|
|
<li>-m选项指示打印出变量变量逃逸信息，<code>-m -m</code>可以打印出更丰富的变量逃逸信息</li>
|
|
|
</ul>
|
|
|
<p><code>-gcflags</code>支持只在编译特定包时候才传递编译参数，此时的<code>-gcflags</code>格式为<code>包名=参数列表</code>。</p>
|
|
|
<pre tabindex="0"><code>go build -gcflags="-N -l -S" main.go // 打印出main.go对应的汇编代码
|
|
|
go build -gcflags="log=-N -l" main.go // 只对log包进行禁止优化，禁止内联操作
|
|
|
</code></pre><h2 id="go-tool-compile">
|
|
|
go tool compile
|
|
|
<a class="anchor" href="#go-tool-compile">#</a>
|
|
|
</h2>
|
|
|
<p><code>go tool compile</code>命令用于汇编处理Go 程序文件。<code>go tool compile</code>支持常见选项有：</p>
|
|
|
<ul>
|
|
|
<li>-N选项指示禁止优化</li>
|
|
|
<li>-l选项指示禁止内联</li>
|
|
|
<li>-S选项指示打印出汇编代码</li>
|
|
|
<li>-m选项指示打印出变量内存逃逸信息</li>
|
|
|
</ul>
|
|
|
<div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;"><code class="language-shell" data-lang="shell"><span style="display:flex;"><span>go tool compile -N -l -S main.go <span style="color:#75715e"># 打印出main.go对应的汇编代码</span>
|
|
|
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>GOOS<span style="color:#f92672">=</span>linux GOARCH<span style="color:#f92672">=</span>amd64 go tool compile -N -l -S main.go <span style="color:#75715e"># 打印出针对特定系统和CPU架构的汇编代码</span>
|
|
|
</span></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="go-tool-nm">
|
|
|
go tool nm
|
|
|
<a class="anchor" href="#go-tool-nm">#</a>
|
|
|
</h2>
|
|
|
<p><code>go tool nm</code>命令用来查看Go 二进制文件中符号表信息。</p>
|
|
|
<div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;"><code class="language-shell" data-lang="shell"><span style="display:flex;"><span>go tool nm ./main | grep <span style="color:#e6db74">"runtime.zerobase"</span>
|
|
|
</span></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="go-tool-objdump">
|
|
|
go tool objdump
|
|
|
<a class="anchor" href="#go-tool-objdump">#</a>
|
|
|
</h2>
|
|
|
<p><code>go tool objdump</code>命令用来根据目标文件或二进制文件反编译出汇编代码。该命令支持两个选项：</p>
|
|
|
<ul>
|
|
|
<li>-S选项指示打印汇编代码</li>
|
|
|
<li>-s选项指示搜索相关的汇编代码</li>
|
|
|
</ul>
|
|
|
<pre tabindex="0"><code>go tool compile -N -l main.go # 生成main.o
|
|
|
go tool objdump main.o # 打印所有汇编代码
|
|
|
go tool objdump -s "main.(main|add)" ./test # objdump支持搜索特定字符串
|
|
|
</code></pre><h2 id="go-tool-trace">
|
|
|
go tool trace
|
|
|
<a class="anchor" href="#go-tool-trace">#</a>
|
|
|
</h2>
|
|
|
<h2 id="godebug环境变量">
|
|
|
GODEBUG环境变量
|
|
|
<a class="anchor" href="#godebug%e7%8e%af%e5%a2%83%e5%8f%98%e9%87%8f">#</a>
|
|
|
</h2>
|
|
|
<p><code>GODEBUG</code>是控制运行时调试的变量，其参数以逗号分隔，格式为：name=val。<code>GODEBUG</code>可以用来观察GMP调度和GC过程。</p>
|
|
|
<h3 id="gmp调度">
|
|
|
GMP调度
|
|
|
<a class="anchor" href="#gmp%e8%b0%83%e5%ba%a6">#</a>
|
|
|
</h3>
|
|
|
<p>与GMP调度相关的两个参数：</p>
|
|
|
<ul>
|
|
|
<li>
|
|
|
<p>schedtrace：设置 schedtrace=X 参数可以使运行时在每 X 毫秒输出一行调度器的摘要信息到标准 err 输出中。</p>
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
<li>
|
|
|
<p>scheddetail：设置 schedtrace=X 和 scheddetail=1 可以使运行时在每 X 毫秒输出一次详细的多行信息，信息内容主要包括调度程序、处理器、OS 线程 和 Goroutine 的状态。</p>
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
</ul>
|
|
|
<p>我们以下面代码为例：</p>
|
|
|
<div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;"><code class="language-go" data-lang="go"><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#f92672">package</span> <span style="color:#a6e22e">main</span>
|
|
|
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>
|
|
|
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#f92672">import</span> (
|
|
|
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span> <span style="color:#e6db74">"sync"</span>
|
|
|
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span> <span style="color:#e6db74">"time"</span>
|
|
|
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>)
|
|
|
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>
|
|
|
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#66d9ef">func</span> <span style="color:#a6e22e">main</span>() {
|
|
|
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span> <span style="color:#66d9ef">var</span> <span style="color:#a6e22e">wg</span> <span style="color:#a6e22e">sync</span>.<span style="color:#a6e22e">WaitGroup</span>
|
|
|
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span> <span style="color:#66d9ef">for</span> <span style="color:#a6e22e">i</span> <span style="color:#f92672">:=</span> <span style="color:#ae81ff">0</span>; <span style="color:#a6e22e">i</span> < <span style="color:#ae81ff">2000</span>; <span style="color:#a6e22e">i</span><span style="color:#f92672">++</span> {
|
|
|
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span> <span style="color:#a6e22e">wg</span>.<span style="color:#a6e22e">Add</span>(<span style="color:#ae81ff">1</span>)
|
|
|
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span> <span style="color:#66d9ef">go</span> <span style="color:#66d9ef">func</span>() {
|
|
|
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span> <span style="color:#a6e22e">a</span> <span style="color:#f92672">:=</span> <span style="color:#ae81ff">0</span>
|
|
|
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>
|
|
|
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span> <span style="color:#66d9ef">for</span> <span style="color:#a6e22e">i</span> <span style="color:#f92672">:=</span> <span style="color:#ae81ff">0</span>; <span style="color:#a6e22e">i</span> < <span style="color:#ae81ff">1e6</span>; <span style="color:#a6e22e">i</span><span style="color:#f92672">++</span> {
|
|
|
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span> <span style="color:#a6e22e">a</span> <span style="color:#f92672">+=</span> <span style="color:#ae81ff">1</span>
|
|
|
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span> }
|
|
|
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>
|
|
|
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span> <span style="color:#a6e22e">wg</span>.<span style="color:#a6e22e">Done</span>()
|
|
|
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span> }()
|
|
|
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span> <span style="color:#a6e22e">time</span>.<span style="color:#a6e22e">Sleep</span>(<span style="color:#ae81ff">100</span> <span style="color:#f92672">*</span> <span style="color:#a6e22e">time</span>.<span style="color:#a6e22e">Millisecond</span>)
|
|
|
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span> }
|
|
|
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>
|
|
|
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span> <span style="color:#a6e22e">wg</span>.<span style="color:#a6e22e">Wait</span>()
|
|
|
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>}
|
|
|
</span></span></code></pre></div><p>执行以下代码获取GMP调度信息：</p>
|
|
|
<div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;"><code class="language-shell" data-lang="shell"><span style="display:flex;"><span>GODEBUG<span style="color:#f92672">=</span>schedtrace<span style="color:#f92672">=</span><span style="color:#ae81ff">1000</span> go run ./test.go
|
|
|
</span></span></code></pre></div><p>笔者本人电脑输出以下内容：</p>
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<div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;"><code class="language-shell" data-lang="shell"><span style="display:flex;"><span>SCHED 0ms: gomaxprocs<span style="color:#f92672">=</span><span style="color:#ae81ff">8</span> idleprocs<span style="color:#f92672">=</span><span style="color:#ae81ff">6</span> threads<span style="color:#f92672">=</span><span style="color:#ae81ff">4</span> spinningthreads<span style="color:#f92672">=</span><span style="color:#ae81ff">1</span> idlethreads<span style="color:#f92672">=</span><span style="color:#ae81ff">0</span> runqueue<span style="color:#f92672">=</span><span style="color:#ae81ff">0</span> <span style="color:#f92672">[</span><span style="color:#ae81ff">0</span> <span style="color:#ae81ff">0</span> <span style="color:#ae81ff">0</span> <span style="color:#ae81ff">0</span> <span style="color:#ae81ff">0</span> <span style="color:#ae81ff">0</span> <span style="color:#ae81ff">0</span> 0<span style="color:#f92672">]</span>
|
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</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>SCHED 0ms: gomaxprocs<span style="color:#f92672">=</span><span style="color:#ae81ff">8</span> idleprocs<span style="color:#f92672">=</span><span style="color:#ae81ff">5</span> threads<span style="color:#f92672">=</span><span style="color:#ae81ff">3</span> spinningthreads<span style="color:#f92672">=</span><span style="color:#ae81ff">1</span> idlethreads<span style="color:#f92672">=</span><span style="color:#ae81ff">0</span> runqueue<span style="color:#f92672">=</span><span style="color:#ae81ff">0</span> <span style="color:#f92672">[</span><span style="color:#ae81ff">1</span> <span style="color:#ae81ff">0</span> <span style="color:#ae81ff">0</span> <span style="color:#ae81ff">0</span> <span style="color:#ae81ff">0</span> <span style="color:#ae81ff">0</span> <span style="color:#ae81ff">0</span> 0<span style="color:#f92672">]</span>
|
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</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>SCHED 0ms: gomaxprocs<span style="color:#f92672">=</span><span style="color:#ae81ff">8</span> idleprocs<span style="color:#f92672">=</span><span style="color:#ae81ff">5</span> threads<span style="color:#f92672">=</span><span style="color:#ae81ff">5</span> spinningthreads<span style="color:#f92672">=</span><span style="color:#ae81ff">1</span> idlethreads<span style="color:#f92672">=</span><span style="color:#ae81ff">0</span> runqueue<span style="color:#f92672">=</span><span style="color:#ae81ff">0</span> <span style="color:#f92672">[</span><span style="color:#ae81ff">0</span> <span style="color:#ae81ff">0</span> <span style="color:#ae81ff">0</span> <span style="color:#ae81ff">0</span> <span style="color:#ae81ff">0</span> <span style="color:#ae81ff">0</span> <span style="color:#ae81ff">0</span> 0<span style="color:#f92672">]</span>
|
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|
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>SCHED 0ms: gomaxprocs<span style="color:#f92672">=</span><span style="color:#ae81ff">8</span> idleprocs<span style="color:#f92672">=</span><span style="color:#ae81ff">5</span> threads<span style="color:#f92672">=</span><span style="color:#ae81ff">5</span> spinningthreads<span style="color:#f92672">=</span><span style="color:#ae81ff">2</span> idlethreads<span style="color:#f92672">=</span><span style="color:#ae81ff">0</span> runqueue<span style="color:#f92672">=</span><span style="color:#ae81ff">0</span> <span style="color:#f92672">[</span><span style="color:#ae81ff">0</span> <span style="color:#ae81ff">0</span> <span style="color:#ae81ff">0</span> <span style="color:#ae81ff">0</span> <span style="color:#ae81ff">0</span> <span style="color:#ae81ff">0</span> <span style="color:#ae81ff">0</span> 0<span style="color:#f92672">]</span>
|
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|
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>SCHED 1007ms: gomaxprocs<span style="color:#f92672">=</span><span style="color:#ae81ff">8</span> idleprocs<span style="color:#f92672">=</span><span style="color:#ae81ff">8</span> threads<span style="color:#f92672">=</span><span style="color:#ae81ff">16</span> spinningthreads<span style="color:#f92672">=</span><span style="color:#ae81ff">0</span> idlethreads<span style="color:#f92672">=</span><span style="color:#ae81ff">9</span> runqueue<span style="color:#f92672">=</span><span style="color:#ae81ff">0</span> <span style="color:#f92672">[</span><span style="color:#ae81ff">0</span> <span style="color:#ae81ff">0</span> <span style="color:#ae81ff">0</span> <span style="color:#ae81ff">0</span> <span style="color:#ae81ff">0</span> <span style="color:#ae81ff">0</span> <span style="color:#ae81ff">0</span> 0<span style="color:#f92672">]</span>
|
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|
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>SCHED 1000ms: gomaxprocs<span style="color:#f92672">=</span><span style="color:#ae81ff">8</span> idleprocs<span style="color:#f92672">=</span><span style="color:#ae81ff">8</span> threads<span style="color:#f92672">=</span><span style="color:#ae81ff">5</span> spinningthreads<span style="color:#f92672">=</span><span style="color:#ae81ff">0</span> idlethreads<span style="color:#f92672">=</span><span style="color:#ae81ff">3</span> runqueue<span style="color:#f92672">=</span><span style="color:#ae81ff">0</span> <span style="color:#f92672">[</span><span style="color:#ae81ff">0</span> <span style="color:#ae81ff">0</span> <span style="color:#ae81ff">0</span> <span style="color:#ae81ff">0</span> <span style="color:#ae81ff">0</span> <span style="color:#ae81ff">0</span> <span style="color:#ae81ff">0</span> 0<span style="color:#f92672">]</span>
|
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|
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>SCHED 2018ms: gomaxprocs<span style="color:#f92672">=</span><span style="color:#ae81ff">8</span> idleprocs<span style="color:#f92672">=</span><span style="color:#ae81ff">8</span> threads<span style="color:#f92672">=</span><span style="color:#ae81ff">16</span> spinningthreads<span style="color:#f92672">=</span><span style="color:#ae81ff">0</span> idlethreads<span style="color:#f92672">=</span><span style="color:#ae81ff">9</span> runqueue<span style="color:#f92672">=</span><span style="color:#ae81ff">0</span> <span style="color:#f92672">[</span><span style="color:#ae81ff">0</span> <span style="color:#ae81ff">0</span> <span style="color:#ae81ff">0</span> <span style="color:#ae81ff">0</span> <span style="color:#ae81ff">0</span> <span style="color:#ae81ff">0</span> <span style="color:#ae81ff">0</span> 0<span style="color:#f92672">]</span>
|
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</span></span></code></pre></div><p>上面输出内容解释说明：</p>
|
|
|
<ul>
|
|
|
<li>SCHED XXms: SCHED是调度日志输出标志符。XXms是自程序启动之后到输出当前行时间</li>
|
|
|
<li>gomaxprocs： P的数量，等于当前的 CPU 核心数，或者GOMAXPROCS环境变量的值</li>
|
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|
<li>idleprocs： 空闲P的数量，与gomaxprocs的差值即运行中P的数量</li>
|
|
|
<li>threads： 线程数量，即M的数量</li>
|
|
|
<li>spinningthreads：自旋状态线程的数量。当M没有找到可供其调度执行的 Goroutine 时，该线程并不会销毁，而是出于自旋状态</li>
|
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|
<li>idlethreads：空闲线程的数量</li>
|
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|
<li>runqueue：全局队列中G的数量</li>
|
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|
<li>[0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0]：表示P本地队列下G的数量，有几个P中括号里面就会有几个数字</li>
|
|
|
</ul>
|
|
|
<h3 id="gc">
|
|
|
GC
|
|
|
<a class="anchor" href="#gc">#</a>
|
|
|
</h3>
|
|
|
<p>与 GC 相关的参数是 gctrace，当设置为1时候，会输出GC相关信息到标准错误输出。使用方式示例如下：</p>
|
|
|
<div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;"><code class="language-shell" data-lang="shell"><span style="display:flex;"><span>GODEBUG<span style="color:#f92672">=</span>gctrace<span style="color:#f92672">=</span><span style="color:#ae81ff">1</span> go run main.go
|
|
|
</span></span></code></pre></div><p>GC 时候输出的内容格式如下：</p>
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|
|
<div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;"><code class="language-rust" data-lang="rust"><span style="display:flex;"><span>gc # <span style="color:#f92672">@</span>#s #<span style="color:#f92672">%</span>: #<span style="color:#f92672">+</span>#<span style="color:#f92672">+</span># ms clock, #<span style="color:#f92672">+</span>#<span style="color:#f92672">/</span>#<span style="color:#f92672">/</span>#<span style="color:#f92672">+</span># ms cpu, #->#-># <span style="color:#66d9ef">MB</span>, # <span style="color:#66d9ef">MB</span> goal, # P
|
|
|
</span></span></code></pre></div><p>格式解释说明如下：</p>
|
|
|
<ul>
|
|
|
<li><strong>gc #</strong>：GC 编号，每次 GC 时递增</li>
|
|
|
<li><strong>@#s</strong>：程序自启动以来的时间（单位秒）</li>
|
|
|
<li><strong>#%</strong>：程序自启动以来花费在 GC 上的时间百分比</li>
|
|
|
<li><strong>#+…+#</strong>：GC 各阶段花费的时间，分别为单个P的墙上时间和累计CPU时间</li>
|
|
|
<li><strong>#->#-># MB</strong>：分别表示 GC 启动时, GC 结束时, GC 活动时的堆大小</li>
|
|
|
<li><strong>#MB goal</strong>：下一次触发 GC 的内存占用阈值</li>
|
|
|
<li><strong>#P</strong>：当前使用的处理器P的数量</li>
|
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|
</ul>
|
|
|
<p>比如对于下面的输出内容，详细解释如下：</p>
|
|
|
<blockquote>
|
|
|
<p>gc 100 @0.904s 11%: 0.043+2.8+0.029 ms clock, 0.34+3.4/5.4/13.6+0.23 ms cpu, 10->11->6 MB, 12 MB goal, 8 P</p>
|
|
|
</blockquote>
|
|
|
<ul>
|
|
|
<li><strong>gc 100</strong>：第 100 次 GC</li>
|
|
|
<li><strong>@0.904s</strong>：当前时间是程序启动后的0.904s</li>
|
|
|
<li><strong>11%</strong>：程序启动后到现在共花费 11% 的时间在 GC 上</li>
|
|
|
<li><strong>0.043+2.8+0.029 ms clock</strong>
|
|
|
<ul>
|
|
|
<li>0.043：表示单个 P 在 mark 阶段的 STW 时间</li>
|
|
|
<li>2.8：表示所有 P 的 concurrent mark（并发标记）所使用的时间</li>
|
|
|
<li>0.029：表示单个 P 的 markTermination 阶段的 STW 时间</li>
|
|
|
</ul>
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
<li><strong>0.34+3.4/5.4/0+0.23 ms cpu</strong>
|
|
|
<ul>
|
|
|
<li>0.34：表示整个进程在 mark 阶段 STW 停顿的时间，一共0.34秒，即 0.043 * 8</li>
|
|
|
<li>3.4/5.4/13.6：3.4 表示 mutator assist 占用的时间，5.4 表示 dedicated + fractional 占用的时间，13.6 表示 idle 占用的时间。这三块累计时间为22.4，即2.8 * 8</li>
|
|
|
<li>0.23 ms：0.23 表示整个进程在 markTermination 阶段 STW 时间，即0.029 * 8</li>
|
|
|
</ul>
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
<li><strong>10->11->6 MB</strong>
|
|
|
<ul>
|
|
|
<li>10：表示开始 mark 阶段前的 heap_live 大小</li>
|
|
|
<li>11：表示开始 markTermination 阶段前的 heap_live 大小</li>
|
|
|
<li>6：表示被标记对象的大小</li>
|
|
|
</ul>
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
<li><strong>12 MB goal</strong>：表示下一次触发 GC 回收的阈值是 12 MB</li>
|
|
|
<li><strong>8 P</strong>：本次 GC 一共涉及8 个P</li>
|
|
|
</ul>
|
|
|
<h4 id="gogc参数">
|
|
|
GOGC参数
|
|
|
<a class="anchor" href="#gogc%e5%8f%82%e6%95%b0">#</a>
|
|
|
</h4>
|
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|
<p>Go语言GC相关的另外一个参数是GOGC。GOGC 用于控制GC的处发频率， 其值默认为100, 这意味着直到自上次垃圾回收后heap size已经增长了100%时GC才触发运行，live heap size每增长一倍，GC触发运行一次。若设定GOGC=200, 则live heap size 自上次垃圾回收后，增长2倍时，GC触发运行， 总之，其值越大则GC触发运行频率越低， 反之则越高。如果GOGC=off 则关闭GC。</p>
|
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<div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#75715e"># 表示当前应用占用的内存是上次GC时占用内存的两倍时，触发GC</span>
|
|
|
</span></span><span style="display:flex;"><span>export GOGC<span style="color:#f92672">=</span><span style="color:#ae81ff">100</span>
|
|
|
</span></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="进一步阅读">
|
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进一步阅读
|
|
|
<a class="anchor" href="#%e8%bf%9b%e4%b8%80%e6%ad%a5%e9%98%85%e8%af%bb">#</a>
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</h2>
|
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<!-- raw HTML omitted -->
|
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<ul>
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|
<li>
|
|
|
<a href="https://eddycjy.gitbook.io/golang/di-9-ke-gong-ju/go-tool-trace">Go 大杀器之跟踪剖析 trace</a></li>
|
|
|
<li>
|
|
|
<a href="https://pkg.go.dev/runtime#hdr-Environment_Variables">go runtime Environment Variables</a></li>
|
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|
</ul>
|
|
|
<div class="footnotes" role="doc-endnotes">
|
|
|
<hr>
|
|
|
<ol>
|
|
|
<li id="fn:1">
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<p>
|
|
|
<a href="https://blog.golang.org/race-detector">Introducing the Go Race Detector</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-backref" role="doc-backlink">↩︎</a></p>
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</li>
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